Welcome to GDOS

Comprehensive resource for dosage-sensitive genes in plant genomes

GDOS (Gene DOSage Database) aims comprehensively identify/mine, provide thorough information, and integrate a variety of useful tools for the in-depth study of dosage genes in plant/crop genomes.

{[ species ]} Species {[ genes ]} Genes {[ all_TD_nums ]} Tandems {[ GOs ]} GO Terms
Dosage

Dosage

Genes with high sequence similarity in multiple copies. Critical for plant development and evolutionary adaptation.

Gene Duplications Functional Impact
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Quality

Data Quality

Built on high-quality, gap-free genomes from 3rd generation sequencing with accurate annotation.

T2T Genomes 3rd Gen Seq
Data Sources →
Platform

Analysis Platform

Comprehensive analysis tools with visualization, enrichment analysis, and multi-species exploration.

Visualization Multi-species
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Resource References (55 items)

2025  Solanum prinophyllum,  CLV3,  Solanum pan-genetics reveals paralogues as contingencies in crop engineering.  Nature.
2020  Lycopersicon esculentum,  SlKLUH,  Major Impacts of Widespread Structural Variation on Gene Expression and Crop Improvement in Tomato.  Cell.
2024  Saccharum officinarum,  TKPs,  The complex polyploid genome architecture of sugarcane.  Nature.
2015  Oryza sativa,  GL7,  Copy number variation at the GL7 locus contributes to grain size diversity in rice.  Nature Genetics.
2021  Secale cereale L.,  ScID1,  A high-quality genome assembly highlights rye genomic characteristics and agronomically important genes.  Nature Genetics.
2022  Litchi chinensis Sonn., Sapindaceae,  VRN1,  Two divergent haplotypes from a highly heterozygous lychee genome suggest independent domestication events for early and late-maturing cultivars.  Nature Genetics.
2024  Vigna unguiculata,  WAK,  Differential selection of yield and quality traits has shaped genomic signatures of cowpea domestication and improvement.  Nature Genetics.
2020  Allium sativum,  6G-FFT,  A chromosome-level genome assembly of garlic (Allium sativum L.) provides insights into genome evolution and allicin biosynthesis.  Molecular Plant.
2022  Solanum tuberosum L.,  patatin,  The gap-free potato genome assembly reveals large tandem gene clusters of agronomical importance in highly repeated genomic regions.  Molecular Plant.
2022  Artemisia annua,  ADS,  Allele-aware chromosome-level genome assembly of Artemisia annua reveals the correlation between ADS expansion and artemisinin yield.  Molecular Plant.
2024  Leonurus japonicus Houtt.,  SCPLs,  Multiomics analyses of two Leonurus species illuminate leonurine biosynthesis and its evolution.  Molecular Plant.
2019  Lycopersicon esculentum,  sb3,  Duplication of a domestication locus neutralized a cryptic variant that caused a breeding barrier in tomato.  Nature Plants.
2021  Taxus wallichiana var. chinensis (Pilger) Florin,  TS-T5αH,  The Taxus genome provides insights into paclitaxel biosynthesis.  Nature Plants.
2013  Brassicaceae,  oleosin,  Tandem oleosin genes in a cluster acquired in Brassicaceae created tapetosomes and conferred additive benefit of pollen vigor.  PNAS.
2021  Gossypium hirsutum,  HPDA/GhDREB,  A copy number variant at the HPDA-D12 locus confers compact plant architecture in cotton.  New phytologist.
2022  Phaseolus vulgaris,  PvIND,  Loss of pod strings in common bean is associated with gene duplication, retrotransposon insertion and overexpression of PvIND.  New Phytologist.
2019  Triticum aestivum,  TaCYP81Ds,  TaCYP81D5, one member in a wheat cytochrome P450 gene cluster, confers salinity tolerance via reactive oxygen species scavenging.  Plant Biotechnology Journal.
2023  Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris,  ClTST2,  A Citrullus genus super-pangenome reveals extensive variations in wild and cultivated watermelons and sheds light on watermelon evolution and domestication.  Plant Biotechnology Journal.
2023  Raphanus sativus,  RsNBS,  A chromosome-level genome assembly of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) reveals insights into genome adaptation and differential bolting regulation.  Plant Biotechnology Journal.
2018  Oryza sativa,  RPAD,  Deletions linked to PROG1 gene participate in plant architecture domestication in Asian and African rice.  Nature Communications.
2021  zea mays,  ZmWUS1,  Structural variation at the maize WUSCHEL1 locus alters stem cell organization in inflorescences.  Nature Communications.
2020  Lupinus albus,  PUE,  The genome evolution and low-phosphorus adaptation in white lupin.  Nature Communications.
2023  Capsicum spp.,  Caz09g00020,  Genomes of cultivated and wild Capsicum species provide insights into pepper domestication and population differentiation.  Nature Communications.
2024  Capsicum annuum,  CS,  Two telomere-to-telomere gapless genomes reveal insights into Capsicum evolution and capsaicinoid biosynthesis.  Nature Communications.
2021  Coptis chinensis Franch,  CYP719,  Analysis of the Coptis chinensis genome reveals the diversification of protoberberine-type alkaloids.  Nature Communications.
2023  Aesculus chinensis,  CYP716,  Characterization of the horse chestnut genome reveals the evolution of aescin and aesculin biosynthesis.  Nature Communications.
2022  Aralia elata,  CYP72A,CSLMs,UGT73,  Deletion and tandem duplications of biosynthetic genes drive the diversity of triterpenoids in Aralia elata.  Nature Communications.
2023  Eleusine indica,  EPSPS-cassette,  Subtelomeric 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase copy number variation confers glyphosate resistance in Eleusine indica.  Nature Communications.
2019  Triticum aestivum,  TaCYP81Ds,  TaCYP81D5, one member in a wheat cytochrome P450 gene cluster, confers salinity tolerance via reactive oxygen species scavenging.  Plant Biotechnology Journal.
2023  Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris,  ClTST2,  A Citrullus genus super-pangenome reveals extensive variations in wild and cultivated watermelons and sheds light on watermelon evolution and domestication.  Plant Biotechnology Journal.
2023  Raphanus sativus,  RsNBS,  A chromosome-level genome assembly of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) reveals insights into genome adaptation and differential bolting regulation.  Plant Biotechnology Journal.
2023  Orychophragmus violaceus,  DGAT1,FAD2,FAD6,  The genome of Orychophragmus violaceus provides genomic insights into the evolution of Brassicaceae polyploidization and its distinct traits.  Plant Communications.
2023  Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant.,  TPS,  A chromosome-scale genome assembly of Artemisia argyi reveals unbiased subgenome evolution and key contributions of gene duplication to volatile terpenoid diversity.  Plant Communications.
2023  Arabidopsis thaliana,  L-Arabinose (L-Ara),  Neofunctionalization of tandem duplicate genes encoding putative β-L-arabinofuranosidases in Arabidopsis.  Plant Physiology.
2019  resurrection plants,  ELIPs,  Massive Tandem Proliferation of ELIPs Supports Convergent Evolution of Desiccation Tolerance across Land Plants.  Plant Physiology.
2023  Scutellaria barbata D. Don,  DiTPSs,  Tandem duplication and sub-functionalization of clerodane diterpene synthase originate the blooming of clerodane diterpenoids in Scutellaria barbata.  The Plant Journal.
2024  Prunella vulgaris,  PvUGTs,  Chromosome-level genome assembly of Prunella vulgaris L. provides insights into pentacyclic triterpenoid biosynthesis.  The Plant Journal.
2022  Euryale ferox,  SWEET,  The adaptive evolution of Euryale ferox to the aquatic environment through paleo-hexaploidization.  The Plant Journal.
2023  Tetrastigma hemsleyanum,  PFs,PAL,CHS,STS,  Chromosome-level reference genome of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (Vitaceae) provides insights into genomic evolution and the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids.  The plant Journal.
2020  Gardenia jasminoides,  CCD4,  Tandem gene duplications drive divergent evolution of caffeine and crocin biosynthetic pathways in plants.  BMC Biology.
2023  Cinnamomum camphora,  TPS,  Genome and whole‑genome resequencing of Cinnamomum camphora elucidate its dominance in subtropical urban landscapes.  BMC Biology.
2022  Cucurbits,  bHLH,  Comparative genomics analysis of bHLH genes in cucurbits identifies a novel gene regulating cucurbitacin biosynthesis.  Horticulture research.
2023  Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi,  SbFBH,  Gap-free genome assembly and CYP450 gene family analysis reveal the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in Scutellaria baicalensis..  Horticulture research.
2022  Oryza sativa,  OsNramp5,  Duplication of a manganese/cadmium transporter gene reduces cadmium accumulation in rice grain.  Nature Food.
2024  Brassica juncea,  BjRCO,  High quality genome of potherb mustard XC (Brassica juncea var. multiceps) provides new insight into leaf shape variation.  Journal of Integrative Agriculture.
2024  Oryza sativa,  NAL23,  Copy number variation of NAL23 causes narrow-leaf development in rice.  Journal of Genetics and Genomics.
2016  Oryza sativa,  qSBR11-1,  Functional Characterization of Novel Chitinase Genes Present in the Sheath Blight Resistance QTL: qSBR11-1 in Rice Line Tetep.  Frontiers in Plant Science.
2021  Oryza sativa,  OsMTD1,  The Copy Number Variation of OsMTD1 Regulates Rice Plant Architecture.  Frontiers in Plant Science.
2021  Lycium barbarum,  CAD, LAC,  Wolfberry genomes and the evolution of Lycium(Solanaceae).  Communications Biology.
2021  Lycium barbarum,  SWEET,  Wolfberry genomes and the evolution of Lycium(Solanaceae).  Communications Biology.
2023  Nepenthes gracilis,  SRG1,  Subgenome dominance shapes novel gene evolution in the decaploid pitcher plant Nepenthes gracilis.  bioRxiv.
1998  Arabidopsis thaliana,  DREB1,  An Arabidopsis Gene Family Encoding DRE/CRT Binding Proteins Involved in Low-Temperature-Responsive Gene Expression.  Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.
2019  Kochia scoparia,  EPSPS,  The Draft Genome of Kochia scoparia and the Mechanism of Glyphosate Resistance via Transposon-Mediated EPSPS Tandem Gene Duplication.  Genome Biology and Evolution.
2023  Cannabis sativa,  WRKY,  Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of WRKY family suggest their potential role in cannabinoid regulation in Cannabis sativa L..  Industrial Crops and Products.
Showing 1-8 of 55 results


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